The tourism sector, while significantly contributing to global economic growth, also poses considerable threats to biodiversity. To shift towards a nature-positive approach, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) must understand and address the five primary drivers of biodiversity loss: habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation of resources, pollution, climate change, and invasive species. This strategy involves identifying nature-related risks, impact drivers, potential impacts, and corresponding mitigation options.

1. Addressing habitat loss and degradation

Habitat loss and degradation, a major driver of biodiversity loss, is a critical concern for the tourism sector. The expansion of tourism infrastructure, such as hotels, resorts, and other facilities, often leads to the destruction of natural landscapes and ecosystems. This development displaces wildlife, disrupts habitats, and reduces ecosystem services like water purification and carbon storage.  

To mitigate these impacts, SMEs in the tourism sector should implement sustainable land-use planning and adopt eco-friendly construction practices. Restoring and rehabilitating degraded habitats can also help to maintain biodiversity. Furthermore, promoting conservation areas and protected regions can ensure that natural habitats are preserved for future generations.

2. Combating overexploitation of resources

High tourist demand for local resources, such as water and timber, can lead to the depletion of natural resources. Additionally, unregulated tourism activities like hunting, fishing, and the trade of souvenirs made from wildlife can severely impact local wildlife populations and disrupt ecosystems.  

To address these issues, tourism businesses should implement resource use quotas and regulations to ensure sustainable consumption. Educating tourists on the importance of sustainable practices and supporting local conservation efforts can also play a crucial role in mitigating the overexploitation of resources.

3. Reducing pollution

Pollution generated by tourism activities can have devastating effects on natural environments. Waste generated by tourists, including plastics, sewage, and chemicals, can contaminate water and soil and harm marine and terrestrial life. Air and noise pollution from transportation further deteriorates environmental quality.  

To combat pollution, SMEs should adopt comprehensive waste management and recycling programs. Promoting the use of eco-friendly products and services can significantly reduce the environmental footprint. Additionally, reducing carbon emissions through sustainable transportation options and enforcing strict regulations on waste disposal are essential steps towards minimising pollution.

4. Mitigating climate change

Climate change, driven by greenhouse gas emissions from tourism activities, poses a long-term threat to biodiversity. These emissions contribute to coral bleaching, altered weather patterns, and increased vulnerability of ecosystems and communities.  

To mitigate the impacts of climate change, SMEs should invest in renewable energy and improve energy efficiency. Promoting low-carbon travel options and enhancing resilience through climate adaptation strategies are also crucial. Supporting reforestation and carbon offset programs can further help to balance the carbon footprint.

5. Controlling invasive species

The introduction of invasive species, often facilitated by the movement of goods and people, and disrupts local ecosystems. This can lead to the decline or extinction of native biodiversity and alter natural habitats.  

To prevent the spread of invasive species, SMEs should implement stringent biosecurity measures and educate tourists about the risks associated with transporting non-native species. Supporting local eradication and control programs can also help to manage and reduce the impact of invasive species on biodiversity.

Tailoring strategy

For the Travel & Tourism sector, it is essential to conduct regular biodiversity impact assessments for all tourism projects. Monitoring key biodiversity indicators allows for the adjustment of practices to minimise negative impacts. Engaging with local communities, conservation organisations, and governments is crucial for collaborative decision-making and benefit-sharing. Educating tourists about biodiversity and responsible tourism practices fosters awareness and encourages sustainable behaviour. Adopting and promoting eco-certifications and sustainability standards ensures compliance with international conservation guidelines and best practices, further supporting biodiversity conservation efforts.

A nature-positive strategy in the tourism sector not only helps in mitigating biodiversity loss but also enhances the sustainability and resilience of multiple stakeholders, including SMEs. By addressing the five drivers of biodiversity loss through targeted risks, impacts, and mitigation measures, the tourism sector can contribute to global biodiversity conservation efforts while ensuring long-term economic viability and community well-being.  

This article is based on the WTTC report “Nature Positive Travel & Tourism”, published September 2022